Essay on Fuel Economy in American Automobiles - 1379 Words

Fuel efficiency in automobiles has become a topic of much discussion in recent years in the United States. This is due largely to the environmental devastation that fuel emissions cause, but it is also sparked by the rising fuel costs. Making cars with high fuel efficiency not only saves consumers money, but also will drastically reduce the pollution that is caused by emissions. Today automakers are putting a tremendous amount of effort into making their cars more fuel efficient, both to meet government regulations and to make their car more appealing to the consumer. During the late 1900’s, fuel efficiency was given very little thought by automakers. Instead, they competed with each other by coming out with larger and more powerful†¦show more content†¦The first law that was passed to enforce this was the Energy Policy and Conservation Act, which was passed by Congress in 1975. This law established a Corporate Average Fuel Economy program, commonly known as the CAFE program, and it required automakers to drastically increase the fuel efficiency of their vehicles. Consequently, by 1985, the average fuel efficiency of automobiles had risen to 27.5 miles per gallon, which is very close to what it is today (Bezdek 132,133). Because CAFE did not change the fuel efficiency standard until years later, by the early 1980’s most automakers had met the fuel efficiency that was required for their automobiles, so they started to pay more attention to the size and power of their vehicles. Instead of building cars with better gas mileage each year, they built their cars bigger and with more power, while keeping the fuel efficiency just high enough so that it met CAFE standards. Accordingly, the gas mileage of vehicles has not increased significantly since the 1980’s (Bezdek 133). In fact, the average fuel efficiency of new passenger vehicles steadily declined from the 1980’s until 2004. This was due to the loopholes which car manufacturer s found in the CAFE standards. CAFE treated â€Å"light trucks† much more leniently than cars, and allowed them to have considerably less fuel efficiency than cars. This caught the attention of car manufacturers, who then looked at how CAFE defined a light truck. TheyShow MoreRelated The Automobile and the Economy Essay1021 Words   |  5 PagesThe Automobile and the Economy The effects the automobile has had on the economy of the world are tremendous. The major effects have came in many ways and include sales of the automobile, jobs provided to sell and manufacture the automobile, gas/oil sales to run the automobile, and the start of auto racing sport. The revolution of the automobile was the start of the most popular and successful industry in the world. The Effect of Gas/Oil There is a great effect on theRead MoreEnvironmental Issues Facing Automobile Industry1071 Words   |  5 PagesENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES FACING AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY IN AMERICA The development of automobile industry in America started in 1896, when Henry Ford built the first American car. With the invention of the automobile and the mass production techniques of Henry Ford, which made the cars affordable, the American economy has been transformed by this key element in its prosperity. Tens of thousands of jobs were created as the industry grew. Workers were required for the assembly lines on which they were constructedRead MoreEconomic Overview In Auto Industry Essay1572 Words   |  7 PagesUnited States economy as well as affecting every American household. Shifts in the supply and demand of automobiles influence the current and future household purchases. Households must determine what amount of their hard-earned income to allocate to certain necessities. 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Almost every working family living in the United States owns at least one vehicleRead MoreThe Impact Of Global Competition On The American Automotive Industry879 Words   |  4 PagesThe American automotive industry has been under a lot of pressure over recent years due to increased concern for the environment and increased global competition. An environmental scan on the American automotive industry shows that the global competition is a great cause for concern, new technology is providing an edge, emissions and laws regulating them are as tight as ever, and consumer opinion is reflecting concern for this. Global Competition Global competition in recent years has had a greatRead MoreHonda Motor Company1399 Words   |  6 PagesPorter’s Five Forces (Industry Analysis) Bargaining Power of Suppliers: The automobile supply companies have limited bargaining power. There are so many supply firms and there are so many parts that are required to produce an automobile, requiring numerous suppliers, one would think that the automakers would be at the supplier’s mercy. However, the suppliers really have very little power. The suppliers tend to rely on one or two automakers to purchase the majority of their products. If theRead MoreEssay about Porters 5 Analysis Auto Industry in 20091244 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The case on the global automobile industry demonstrated by lowering cost through innovative production without sacrificing quality is the defining characteristic in a successful company. I found this case interesting because it characterized a successful automobile producer as one that will cut cost in an innovative approach to deal with a market that is constantly changing. The innovation in producing automobiles started with Ford through mass production and continued all the way toRead MoreChallenges Facing The American Auto Industry Essay1216 Words   |  5 PagesThere are a myriad of challenges facing the American auto industry. Environmental challenges, however, are the most difficult ones to face and overcome. Some environmental issues that effect the American auto industry are; global competition in the industry, new technology for powering the product that this industry produces, the effect of emissions on the environment and government reactions to this, and consumer opinions about the product. â€Å"An analysis of the external environment is a part of theRead MoreAutomobile Production Of The Automobile Industry Essay1415 Words   |  6 PagesCurrently, automobile production sits atop the pillars of the worlds industrial areas. Auto producers occupy four of the five biggest manufacturing organizations in the globe. Worldwide sales of automobiles equate to around $2 billion. In 2012, more than 80 million automobiles were produced and sold throughout the world, annually, to add to more than 1 billion automobiles in operation throughout the world. These figures highlight how essential automobiles have become in our lives. Automobiles are a vitalRead MoreA Very Brief History of the American Automotive Industry Essay1498 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology and apply it to automobiles. Nobody was successful until a British inventor by the name of Richard Trevithick created a multi passenger automobile that ran on a power source that was driven by a steam-propelled piston at high pressure (Bellis). Up until the mid 1900’s cars were only produced by specifically skilled blacksmiths, and were very expensive. There were only about 4,000 cars produced from the 1890’s to mid 1900’s (Bellis). In the 1920’s the United States economy was booming, and a

Varian Solution - 153645 Words

Chapter 1 NAME The Market Introduction. The problems in this chapter examine some variations on the apartment market described in the text. In most of the problems we work with the true demand curve constructed from the reservation prices of the consumers rather than the â€Å"smoothed† demand curve that we used in the text. Remember that the reservation price of a consumer is that price where he is just indiï ¬â‚¬erent between renting or not renting the apartment. At any price below the reservation price the consumer will demand one apartment, at any price above the reservation price the consumer will demand zero apartments, and exactly at the reservation price the consumer will be indiï ¬â‚¬erent between having zero or one apartment. You should†¦show more content†¦Further suppose that people A, B, C, D, and E manage to get an apartment, while F, G, and H are frozen out. 4 THE MARKET (Ch. 1) (a) If subletting is legal—or, at least, practiced—who will sublet to whom in equilibrium? (Assume that people who sublet can evade the city rentcontrol restrictions.) E, who is willing to pay only F, $10 for an apartment would sublet to who is willing to pay $18. (b) What will be the maximum amount that can be charged for the sublet payment? $18. A, (c) If you have rent control with unlimited subletting allowed, which of the consumers described above will end up in the 5 apartments? B, C, D, F. (d) How does this compare to the market outcome? It’s the same. 1.5 (2) In the text we argued that a tax on landlords would not get passed along to the renters. What would happen if instead the tax was imposed on renters? (a) To answer this question, consider the group of people in Problem 1.1. What is the maximum that they would be willing to pay to the landlord if they each had to pay a $5 tax on apartments to the city? Fill in the box below with these reservation prices. Person Reservation Price A B C D E F G H 35 20 25 30 5 13 10 0 (b) Using this information determine the maximum equilibrium price if there are 5 apartments to be rented. $13. (c) Of course, the total price a renter pays consists of his or her rent plus the tax. ThisShow MoreRelatedAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Vinylimidazole1163 Words   |  5 Pageschloroform in a 100 mL three neck flask. Various amounts of AET along with AIBN catalyst (2 wt%) were added in the reactor. The reactant was continuously stirred at 70  °C under N2 gas inlet. After 1 d, the phase separated from the initial homogeneous solution. Highly viscous phase was separated and washed with chloroform solvent several times to obtain pure PBVIm-I. The product was dried in a vacuum oven at 40  °C for 1 d, affording PBVIm-I (3.5 g) in 80% final yield . 1H-NMR ( PBVIm-I, DMSO-d6): 1.78Read MoreAn Assessment of the Economic Way of Thinking819 Words   |  4 Pagesthe scarce resources that they have to satisfy these wants and needs.   Whenever resources—categorized into three major groups namely land, labor, and capital—are not efficiently used, economists see this as a problem and they try to come up with solutions.   The economic way of thinking is the prescribed way of solving real world problem which involves the following steps: (1) identifying the problem, (2) developing a model based on simplified assumptions, and (3) collecting data that will either supportRead MoreOrganic Extraction Distillation Process With Abe Extraction1521 Words   |  7 PagesBacto yeast extract †¢ Ammonium acetate †¢ NaCl †¢ KH2PO4 †¢ K2HPO4 †¢ KOH pellets †¢ Cysteine HCl†¢H2O †¢ MgSO4†¢7H2O †¢ MnSO4†¢H2O †¢ FeSO4†¢7H2O †¢ Antifoam 204 †¢ Tributyrin, 98% †¢ Phosphoric acid, 85% †¢ Ethyl alcohol, 200 proof †¢ Sulfuric acid solution, 5 M †¢ Ethyl acetate, anhydrous, 99.8% SYNTHESIS †¢ Palladium(II) nitrate dihydrate †¢ Copper(II) nitrate hemi(pentahydrate) †¢ Hydrotalcite, synthetic †¢ Acetone, ≠¥99.9% †¢ 1-Butanol, ≠¥99.7% †¢ Ethanol, ≠¥99.5% †¢ Dodecane, ≠¥99% †¢ TetrahydrofuranRead MoreDrug Content Of Spray Dried Powder Samples1380 Words   |  6 Pagesflasks were shaken at room temperature for 60 min on an orbital mixer incubator (Ratek Instruments Pty. Ltd., Victoria, Australia) at a speed of 200 rpm followed by bath sonication using an ultrasonic cleaner (Misonix Inc., NY, USA) for 15 min. The solutions were filtered, and the drug content of filtrates was quantified by HPLC analysis. Surface morphology and particle size analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) Morphological features were visualized using JEOL 6700F FE-SEM (SEM, JEOL Ltd.,Read MoreLiterature Review1352 Words   |  5 Pagesdiffering levels of thematic and geometric levels, but link those for greater power and understanding of the source materials. Scaling of this powerful tool makes it idea when looking at disparate data from several sources, and might be a robust solution to help us understand and implement greater data integrity within our current model. The use of an upgraded relational system can, indeed, assure that the actual coded data is identical within different source materials. Foreman, J. (2009). InconsistenciesRead MoreThe Impact Of Consumer 3d Printer Ownership1090 Words   |  5 Pages What we observe is a direct consequence of digitalization. With 3D printing digitized products can be made physical at home. It is transforming entire industries and reshaping the power of consumers (Greenstein, Goldfarb Tucker 2013; Shapiro Varian 1999). Individuals become more independent from manufacturers. However at the moment products created with the M3D micro are limited by material and size. Moreover only products produced in small quantities are cheap, huge quantities diminish theRead MoreEssay about A Study on A. Nigra Seeds for Pharmaceutical Products1252 Words   |  6 Pagesremove the trace of remaining solvent. The extracts were subjected for vacuum drying in rotary evaporator. 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Symbolism of the Red Flapper Dress in Angela’s Ashes Free Essays

In Frank McCourt’s Angela’s Ashes, the symbol of Angela’s red flapper dress highlights the pain of lost dreams. This symbol is very important because it highlights Angela’s youthful dreams, the beginning of Frank’s dreams and also how Angela’s dreams end. Frank uses Angela’s red dress to make uniforms for a soccer game against the rich kids. We will write a custom essay sample on Symbolism of the Red Flapper Dress in Angela’s Ashes or any similar topic only for you Order Now During the game, Frank scores a goal to win the game. This goal gives him hope that he will amount to something. Using Angela’s dress for uniforms shows the sacrifice of her dreams to make new dreams for Frank.It opens his eyes to new hope and a new outlook on his dreams. In Angela’s Ashes, the red dress represents Angela’s youth and dancing days. The dress is kept locked away in a trunk with important papers from her life. Keeping the dress with passports, birth certificates and her marriage certificate shows how important the dress is to Angela. Frankie remembers the dress in the trunk as â€Å"†¦her bright red flapper dress with spangles and black frills she brought all the way from America. She wants to keep that dress forever to remind herself she was young and dancing† (252).A flapper dress was worn during the Roaring Twenties. The Roaring Twenties were a time of fun, parties, dancing, jazz music and economic prosperity. Because Angela owned a flapper dress, she probably went to parties and enjoyed dancing before she went to America. Life was better for her than when she got older and was married with children. Mr. Clohessy tells Frankie â€Å"†¦I knew your mother well. Danced with her†¦danced with her I did below in the Wembley Hall and a champion dancer she was too† (164). This tells you that Angela was once a happy, carefree girl who enjoyed dancing.This time in her life was full of dreams and hope for the future. Saving the dress was a sign of those good times. Mr. Clohessy also makes Angela cry for her lost dreams when he says: â€Å"We could have won competitions, Angela. Fred and Ginger would have been lookin’ over their shoulders but you had to run off to America. Aw, Jesus† (167). These happy times contrast with the hungry, dark times in Ireland when she is on the dole and has no money to feed her children. It also is a contrast with the consumption that Mr. Clohessy and many others have and die from.During the story, Frankie talks about how bleak life is, how hungry and how poor they are. Putting the dress away in the trunk is also like locking her dreams away. Angela often stares into the fire and she is probably remembering better times and regretting what her life has become. Frankie takes the dress out of the trunk and using it to make uniforms for his soccer team â€Å"The Red Hearts of Limerick†. He destroys his mother’s dress, which is like destroying her dreams but is also symbolic of his dreams being set free.Frankie makes red hearts from part of the dress that the team pins to their uniforms even though they look like red rags. The boys play a soccer game against a team of rich boys and Frankie scores the winning goal. He goes from feeling doomed because when he finds his mom’s dress he also finds out from his friend Mikey that he was born a bastard, to feeling hope because God wouldn’t let him score a goal if he was doomed. It comes straight to my foot and all I have to do is swivel to the left and swing that ball straight into the goal. There’s a whiteness in my head and I feel like a boy in heaven. and I keep thinking of the way the ball came to my foot and surely it was sent by God or the Blessed Virgin Mary who would never send such a blessing to one doomed for being born in half the time and I know as long as I live I’ll never forget that ball coming from Billy Campbell, that goal. (256-257) This is a very important feeling for Frank. He feels like he has something to live for. He pauses after he scores the winning goal because he feels like he has been blessed by God. He thinks to himself that he can’t be doomed if he was blessed enough to score the game winning goal.This sheds new light on Frank’s hopes and dreams. He knows now that if he works hard, gets a job and saves up money that he will be able to return back to America. As Frank’s dreams continue to grow, his mother’s dreams fade. She has given up all hope of her dreams for herself but still wants the best for her children. She loves her children even though she never comes right out and says it but you know she loves them because she will go on the dole and do without for herself so that her kids can eat. She even does distasteful things for Laman to keep a roof over their heads and some food on the table.Angela’s flapper dress is a strong symbol in the book. It illustrates that Angela was a young, carefree girl before she got pregnant and married Malachy. Little by little the poverty, Malachy’s drinking, problems with her relatives about Malachy, and losing her children chipped away at her hopes and dreams until there was nothing left for her but to smoke cigarettes and stare into the fire. The last of Angela’s dreams, ashes dying away in the fireplace. At this same time, Frank takes his mother’s dress and makes soccer uniforms with it. When he scores the winning goal in a game against the rich kids his dreams take flight.He dares to dream of a better life and saves money to return to America. He often saves money by doing things that would upset his mother if she knew about them but Frank feels the end result will be worth it. He will make sure his dreams become a reality however he needs to do it. This is similar to how his mother keeps a roof over their heads and food on the table. She does whatever she has to for her family, even if that means giving up her own dreams. She may not have realized that she was doing this but the red dress symbolically shows this. How to cite Symbolism of the Red Flapper Dress in Angela’s Ashes, Papers

Confucianism and Christianity Essay Example For Students

Confucianism and Christianity Essay Confucianism and Christianity Essay M. Douglas McKinney Philosophy of Religion The premise of Confucian teachings are centered around the idea of Jen or the virtue of humanity (Ching 68). To accomplish this divinity, five relationships must be honored: ruler and minister, father and son, husband and wife, elder and younger brother, and friend and friend (Hopfe). These relationships led a push for a revolution of the political system to adopt the methods of Jen. Confucius sought to revive the ancient Chinese culture by redefining the importance of society and government. He described a society governed by reasonable, humane, and just sensibilities, not by the passions of individuals arbitrarily empowered by hereditary status (Clearly). He felt that this could be achieved through education and the unification of cultural beliefs. He believed that a nation would be benefited by citizens that were cultivated people whose intellects and emotions had been developed and matured by conscious people (Clearly). He felt that those born into the feudal system were had a personal duty to excel socially by means of power. Those who were of lesser class should also seek out education to better themselves. All purposes for betterment of man and society as one whole is known as Li. Li means the rationalized social order (Yutang). Confucius felt that love and respect for authority was a key to a perfect society; this strict respect was practiced through rituals and magic (Smith). The Confucius traditions have caused a tradition to set within its institution and is extremely active. It has, unfortunately, allowed the political institution to manipulate the Confucius system. As with Christianity. Christianity also preaches a divine, brotherly love. Modern Christianity seeks to discover a rational understanding of the person as did Confucius (Ess ed. 381); yet, Christianity feels that faith in the Jesus Christ as a personal savior is essential to this enlightenment. It was also under the guise of Christianity that it had to confront totalitarian systems dehumanize uses of power in its sphere of influence (state and church, and these systems triumphed under the banner of de-Christianization (Ess ed. 384). Unlike Confucius reformers of their corrupt state pushed the beliefs of the true ideals of Confucius, Christians believed in an Absolute against all absolving of the relative, can protest in the name of God (Ess ed. 384). Some would argue that Confucius did support and an Absolute, but he described it as the entirety of Heaven. Several scholars believe that his Heaven was analogous to the God unto which Christians served. Christians feel that in order to also gain a Jen-like status one must have a serious relationship with the church and Jesus Christ himself. Confucius differed in that they feel that the body, mind and soul must be recognized as one to reach Jen (Smith). Through education or ritual practices one gains wealth. With wealth one achieved power. These are the essentials to living a good life (OBrire). However, relationships between men is the most desirable. These aspects are the embodiment of Li. Li was love for authority and respect for others (Alexander). Christianity also looks at wealth in a slightly different manner. At the heart of the Christian faith and at its source of its traditions in Scripture is the belief in a covenant (Carmen 17). It is the promise between God and the individual that ensures (through faith) that ones kindly actions on Earth will be divinely awarded. The five relationships of Jen are also honored in Christianity with references to Honor thy father and mother, for this is the first commandment with promise (Ephesians 6:1). It is prevalent that Christianity and Confucius are very similar in their philosophy. Some would argue that Confucius lack of a strong theology is its failure to comply with the Christian ethics. Others would say it is there drive to be a virtuous individual compensates for this tedium. They equally feel that relationships with neighbors and family is an integral part of becoming virtuous. Free Media Violences: Boy Killed by 19 inch Essay Christians rely on the teachings of Jesus while the Confucius look towards those who have wealthy estates. This point conveys that Christians may be more dependent on their spiritual guidance opposed to the Confucius examination of the worldly infrastructure of trial and error. Thus it is not surprising that when faced with a choice of both religions, an individuals merit may be the deciding factor on which is more ideal for them. Philosophy .